After some research using newer hardware, indeed ARC loader usb mode doesn't work properly as standard usb mount instead of usb internal drive. But, this work with older CPU gen.
Did you try to reformat first your spare drive?
Because in my setup, I'm using B760 chipset and no problems occur like yours just different in cpu. That's why it's kinda weird.
Can you try to install with a new drives? Is it still no drive detected or what? I'm bit curious about your case.
If you don't mind, please ask in the forum who else successfully using intel 13th gen cpu.
try to manual check with fdisk -l command in the loader shell terminal, before booting to dsm, select configure loader, then select exit. type fdisk -l. If you can see the disk partition, then you have a chance to backup your data first.
Currently I'm using model RS4021xs+, which is in this model have jumbo frame support and not available in other model like DS3622xs+. So I don't know that the resource limitation works on all models or not.
You need to wait at least 5-10 minutes until the systems is fully loaded. Another trick is you can see the dhcp log in your router to see the ip address for your loader. Because sometimes the dhcp leases not displayed in the loader screen.