1) I haven't looked fully at the details yet, but its clear it uses a GRUB stub boot loader. It appears to do something like booting the stock kernel, inserting any extra modules included and then calling "busybox init" which triggers regular system boot up.
2) In ESXi, you have several options. The easiest is to probably set Serial Port 1 in the VM settings to "Use Network", direction "Server" and a port URI similar to "telnet://:8022". Then you can telnet to the address of the ESXi host the VM is running on and that port number (ex. telnet esxi01.mydomain.com 8022). Don't leave this connected unless you have appropriate network firewalling in place (you can just check and uncheck the connected box as needed).
3) I don't know what this means. There are numerous guides out there on how to open synoboot.img if that's what you mean. If you mean the actual data disks and where the OS is installed, there are also numerous guides on that. Google "Using ubuntu to recover synology data"
4) No wiki I know of. But I'm still new to this stuff (only a few months using it).